Based on independent expert evaluation
What is Hippocalcin-like protein 4 and its role in the human body? Provide a detailed description and functions of this protein, including its interactions with other molecules and possible diseases associated with its dysfunction.
Hippocalcin-like protein 4 (HPCAL4) is a calcium-binding protein belonging to the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family. It plays a crucial role in calcium signaling pathways within the human body.
Structure and Function: HPCAL4 contains four EF-hand calcium-binding domains that undergo conformational changes upon calcium binding, enabling it to interact with various target proteins and regulate cellular processes.
Molecular Interactions: The protein interacts with membrane phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and modulates the activity of phospholipase C and other signaling enzymes. It also binds to calmodulin-dependent protein kinases and phosphatases.
Disease Associations: Dysfunction of HPCAL4 has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, due to its role in calcium homeostasis and synaptic plasticity regulation.
Clinical Significance: Recent studies suggest HPCAL4 as a potential biomarker for early detection of cognitive decline and a therapeutic target for neuroprotective interventions.
Hippocalcin-like protein 4 is a calcium-binding protein found in the human body. It's part of a family of proteins that help regulate calcium levels in cells.
Basic Function: The protein binds to calcium ions and changes shape, which allows it to interact with other proteins in the cell. This helps control various cellular processes.
Interactions: HPCAL4 works with phospholipids in cell membranes and can affect enzyme activity. It's involved in signaling pathways that help cells communicate.
Health Implications: Problems with this protein might be related to brain diseases like Alzheimer's, though more research is needed to understand the exact connections.
Research Status: Scientists are still studying this protein to better understand its full role in human health and disease.
* Comparison based on scientific accuracy, detail level, and clinical relevance
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